1 Kings 3:22

Authorized King James Version

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And the other woman said, Nay; but the living is my son, and the dead is thy son. And this said, No; but the dead is thy son, and the living is my son. Thus they spake before the king.

Original Language Analysis

אֹמֶ֙רֶת֙ And this said H559
אֹמֶ֙רֶת֙ And this said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 1 of 20
to say (used with great latitude)
הָֽאִשָּׁ֨ה woman H802
הָֽאִשָּׁ֨ה woman
Strong's: H802
Word #: 2 of 20
a woman
הָֽאַחֶ֜רֶת And the other H312
הָֽאַחֶ֜רֶת And the other
Strong's: H312
Word #: 3 of 20
properly, hinder; generally, next, other, etc
לֹ֣א H3808
לֹ֣א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 4 of 20
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
כִ֗י H3588
כִ֗י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 5 of 20
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
וּבְנִ֣י is my son H1121
וּבְנִ֣י is my son
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 6 of 20
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
הֶחָ֑י Nay but the living H2416
הֶחָ֑י Nay but the living
Strong's: H2416
Word #: 7 of 20
alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or livin
וּבְנִ֣י is my son H1121
וּבְנִ֣י is my son
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 8 of 20
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
הַמֵּ֖ת No but the dead H4191
הַמֵּ֖ת No but the dead
Strong's: H4191
Word #: 9 of 20
to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill
וְזֹ֤את H2063
וְזֹ֤את
Strong's: H2063
Word #: 10 of 20
this (often used adverb)
אֹמֶ֙רֶת֙ And this said H559
אֹמֶ֙רֶת֙ And this said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 11 of 20
to say (used with great latitude)
לֹ֣א H3808
לֹ֣א
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 12 of 20
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
כִ֔י H3588
כִ֔י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 13 of 20
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
וּבְנִ֣י is my son H1121
וּבְנִ֣י is my son
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 14 of 20
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
הַמֵּ֖ת No but the dead H4191
הַמֵּ֖ת No but the dead
Strong's: H4191
Word #: 15 of 20
to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill
וּבְנִ֣י is my son H1121
וּבְנִ֣י is my son
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 16 of 20
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
הֶחָ֑י Nay but the living H2416
הֶחָ֑י Nay but the living
Strong's: H2416
Word #: 17 of 20
alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or livin
וַתְּדַבֵּ֖רְנָה Thus they spake H1696
וַתְּדַבֵּ֖רְנָה Thus they spake
Strong's: H1696
Word #: 18 of 20
perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
לִפְנֵ֥י before H6440
לִפְנֵ֥י before
Strong's: H6440
Word #: 19 of 20
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ the king H4428
הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 20 of 20
a king

Analysis & Commentary

And the other woman said, Nay; but the living is my son, and the dead is thy son. And this said, No; but the dead is thy son, and the living is my son. Thus they spake before the king.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of solomon's wisdom and the famous judgment, within the book's focus on Solomon's wisdom, temple building, and tragic apostasy.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. Solomon's reign (c. 970-930 BCE) represented Israel's golden age of peace and prosperity.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

Questions for Reflection

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